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Costa Rica Through History. General Description.

 

 

  Costa Rica is a Central American   success story: since the late 19th   century, only two brief periods of   violence have marred its democratic   development. Although still a largely   agricultural country, it has expanded   its economy to include strong   technology and tourism sectors. The   standard of living is relatively high.   Land ownership is widespread.

 

  Costa Rica's basically stable   economy depends on tourism,   agriculture, and electronics exports.   Poverty has been substantially   reduced over the past 15 years, and   a strong social safety net has been   put into place. At the same time,   distribution of income remains   severely unequal. Foreign investors   remain attracted by the country's   political stability and high education   levels, and tourism continues to   bring in foreign exchange. However,   traditional export sectors have not   kept pace. Low coffee prices and an   overabundance of bananas have hurt   the agricultural sector. The   government continues to grapple with   its large deficit and massive internal   debt, with the need to modernize the   state-owned electricity and   telecommunications sector, and with   the problem of bringing down   inflation.

 

  Legal system:

  Based on Spanish civil law system;   judicial review of legislative acts in   the Supreme Court; has accepted   compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.

 
  Executive branch:
  Chief of state: President Abel   PACHECO (since 8 May 2002); First   Vice President Lineth SABORIO   (since NA May 2002); Second Vice   President Luis FISHMAN (since NA   May 2002); note - the president is   both the chief of state and head of   government
  Head of government: President Abel   PACHECO (since 8 May 2002); First   Vice President Lineth SABORIO   (since NA May 2002); Second   Vice President Luis FISHMAN (since   NA May 2002); note - the president   is both the chief of state and head of   government.
  Cabinet: cabinet selected by the   president. 
  Elections: president and vice   presidents elected on the same   ticket by popular vote for four-year   terms; election last held 3 February   2002; run-off election held 7 April   2002 (next to be held NA February   2006).
  Election results: Abel PACHECO   elected president; percent of vote -   Abel PACHECO (PUSC) 58%;   Rolando ARAYA (PLN) 42%.
 
  Legislative branch:
  Unicameral Legislative Assembly or   Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats;   members are elected by direct,   popular vote to serve four-year   terms). 
  Elections: last held 3 February 2002   (next to be held 3 February 2006). 
  Election results: percent of vote by   party - NA; seats by party - PUSC   19, PLN 17, PAC 14, PML 6, PRC 1.
 
  Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court or Corte Suprema   (22 justices are elected for eight-year   terms by the Legislative Assembly).
 
  Political parties and leaders:

  Agricultural Labor Action or PALA   [Carlos Alberto SOLIS Blanco];   Citizen Action Party or PAC [Otton   SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation   Party or PRC [Justo OROZCO];   Democratic Force Party or PFD   [Jose M. NUNEZ]; Libertarian   Movement Party or PML [Otto   GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian   Alliance Party or ANC [Alejandro   MADRIGAL]; National Independent   Party or PNI [Jorge GONZALEZ   Marten]; National Integration Party or   PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes];   National Liberation Party or PLN   [Sonia PICADO]; Social Christian   Unity Party or PUSC [Luis Manuel   CHACON].
  Note: mainly a two-party system -   PUSC and PLN - until the 3 February   2002 election in which the PAC   captured a significant percentage,   forcing a run-off in April 2002.

 

  Political pressure groups and   leaders:

  Authentic Confederation of   Democratic Workers or CATD   (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber   of Coffee Growers; Confederated   Union of Workers or CUT   (Communist Party affiliate); Costa   Rican Confederation of Democratic   Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party   affiliate); Federation of Public Service   Workers or FTSP; National   Association for Economic   Development or ANFE; National   Association of Educators or ANDE;   Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN   affiliate) [Gilbert Brown].

  Telephone system:

  General assessment: very good   domestic telephone service
  domestic: point-to-point and point-to-  multi-point microwave, fiber-optic,   and coaxial cable link rural areas;   Internet service is available.
  International: connected to Central   American Microwave System;   satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat   (Atlantic Ocean); two submarine   cables (1999).

 

  Administrative divisions:

  7 provinces (provincias, singular -   provincia); Alajuela, Cartago,   Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon,   Puntarenas, San Jose.

  Religions:

  Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical    13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%,   other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%,   none 3.2%.

 

  Natural hazards:

  Occasional earthquakes, hurricanes   along Atlantic coast; frequent   flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy   season and landslides; active   volcanoes.

 

  Environment current issues:

  Deforestation and land use change,   largely a result of the clearing of land   for cattle ranching and agriculture;   soil erosion; coastal marine   pollution; fisheries protection; solid   waste management; air pollution.

 

  Geography note:

  Four volcanoes, two of them active,   rise near the capital of San Jose in   the center of the country; one of the   volcanoes, Irazu, erupted   destructively in 1963-65. 

Costa Rica Immigration. Background and Legal Considerations.


 

  The Investor Program. Resident   Investor Status.

  Individuals who invest at least US$50,000   in project which has been approved by the   Center For the Promotion of Exports   (PROCOMER) as a priority investment   area may apply for resident investor   status. If the investment is in a non   priority investment area then the   investment required is US$200,000.

  This category really involves two different   steps. The first is to qualify the   investment by PROCOMER to determine   if it falls within the priority area. Once this   initial process has been completed and   the certification issued then you can   begin the application process which is   done directly before the Department of   Immigration.

  The Rentista and Pensionado   Program.

  The Rentista and Pensionado program is   available to those individuals who can   prove a permanent and stable income   from investments, pension or retirement   benefits.

  1. Pensionado. The Pensionado (Retiree)   applicant must demonstrate a permanent   fixed income from a pension or similiar   retirement income of at least US$600 per   month. The typical applicant in this   category has a government, private secto   pension or social security retirement   benefits.

  2. Rentista. The Rentista applicant must   demonstrate a permanent fixed income of   at least US$1,000 per month. Generally,   those who seek the Rentista category do   not have a pension source and instead   have investment income. To apply for this   category it is neccessary to provide proof   of the investment and it will generate the   US$1,000 per month required under this   program. As such the applicant must   provide a letter from the bank or financial   institution where the investment funds are   deposited certifying the existence of that   income. It is not required that the funds   be held in Costa Rica. The letter can be   issued by international banks as well as   Costa Rican banks. The ideal letter   issued by the financial institution should   state the following: (a) that the recipient   will receive at least US$1,000 per month   in Costa Rica; (b) that the investment   generates US$1,000 per month in a   stable, permanent and irrevocable manner   for at least five years; (c) that the financial   institution issuing the letter will notify the   Costa Rican Tourism Insitute (I.C.T.) if the   condition changes.

  In both cases, Pensionado and Rentista   the beneficiares must comply with the   following:

  * Prove on an annual basis that the   required funds were deposited in Costa   Rica and exchanged into local currency.

  * Must reside a minimum of 4 months in   the country.

   The Rentista and Pensionado   Application Process:

 

  The application for Rentista and   Pensionado status is filed directly with   the Pensionado/Rentista Department at   the Costa Rican Tourism Institute (I.C.T.)   Before the application can be prepared   the applicant must compile all the   supporting documentation that is required   as follows:

  1. Interpol Background Check: This step   is done in Costa Rica. The applicant first   fills out an application form which is   addressed to the Department of Public   Security and signed by I.C.T.

  2. Birth Certificate: You must provide a   certified copy of your birth certificate and   that of your dependents. The certified   copy must be sent to the Costa Rican   consulate for your jurisdication for   authentication. The consulate charges   US$40 for each document authenticated.   Be advised that I.C.T. will not accept any   supporting documentation which has not   been authenticated by a Costa Rican   Consul.

  3. Marriage Certificate: Certified copy of a   marriage certificate if applicable. Also   must be authenticated by a Costa Rican   Consulate.

  4. Proof of Income: If your source is a   government pension then obtain a letter   from your government certifying the   income. If the income is from a Bank or   Financial Institution then it must issue the   letter. All documents should be   authenticated by the Costa Rican   Consulate.

  5. Police Certificate of Good Conduct:   This certification is obtained from the   police department where you last resided.   This certification also needs to be   authenticated by a Costa Rican   Consulate. Note that this certificates are   only accepted in Costa Rica for 6 months   from the date they are issued. If this   document expires while you are pulling   together the rest of the documentation   then you will have to obtain another one.

  6. Photographs: The application requires   photographs and we recommend that you   take at least 20 photographs (10 facing   the front and 10 facing the side). You will   require photographs for the background   search, the I.C.T. application and for the   Department of Immigration so you might   as well get them all at once and keep   them in the file as needed.

  7. Translation of Documents: Once you   have compiled all your documentation, all   documents which are in English must be   translated into Spanish. This procedure   can generally be handled by the Attorney   that you have retained to process your   application.

  8. Sworn Statement: The Applicant and   Dependent must appear before a Costa   Rican Notary Public and issue a sworn   statement stating that they agree to abide   by the Pensionado/Rentista law. This   statement can be prepared by your legal   representative in Costa Rica. Once you   have all the documentation set forth above   you are ready to submit your application   to I.C.T. Generally I.C.T. will only receive   applications that are accompanied with   ALL the supporting documentation. Keep   in mind that all the original documents   that you submit become the exclusive   property of I.C.T. and will NOT be returned   to you. Once received by I.C.T. the   application goest to the Legal Department   within I.C.T. who will review all the   documentation for compliance. If all is in   order the Legal Department will forward   the application to the approval committee   for approval. If their are defects in the   application the Legal Department will   notify your legal representative of the   defect and request that it be corrected   before it will submit the application for   approval. If approved the I.C.T. will issue a   formal resolution indicating the date on   which the application was approved. The   procedures that follow approval are related   to obtaining the actual picture residency   card and are done directly before the   Department of Immigration. It requires a   prior deposit of US$ 100 for each   applicant and dependent to pay for your   residency identification card.

 

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